パックス・シリカ：トランプ政権のテクノロジー戦略の内幕 with Jacob Helberg

we're not going to do government operated supply chains because that's not how we shine as a country. 政府が運営するサプライチェーンを構築するつもりはありません。それは私たちの国としての強みを発揮できる方法ではないからです。 Our superpower is really our private sector and our companies. 私たちの真の超大国は民間セクターと企業にあります。 The old Steve Jobs quote that American products enchant and delight users around the world by the billions. Steve Jobsの「アメリカの製品は世界中のユーザーを魅了し喜ばせる」という古い言葉があります。 That is really is our edge as a country. それが本当に私たちの国としての強みです。 And so the answer's been trying to work in lockstep with our private companies and our builders to build platforms だから、答えとして民間企業と緊密に連携し、プラットフォームを構築しようとしてきました。 [music] [music] that are commercially viable and that will can ultimately live outside of the government as a private service. 商業的に成立し、最終的に政府の外でも機能できるような企業と共に。 The General Purpose are joined by Jacob Helberg, the Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs. No Priorsへようこそ。本日のゲストは国務次官のJacob Helbergです。 We spoke with Jacob before he was confirmed in this role and we're very excited to have him back to discuss Pax Silica, which is a multi-nation effort to secure the AI supply chain for the United States and its allies. Jacobとは彼がこの役職に就任する前にお話しし、今回非常に楽しみにしています。 Jacob, thanks so much for being here. Jacob、本日はありがとうございます。 Yeah, thanks for joining us. ありがとう、参加できて嬉しいです。 Thanks for having me. お招きいただきありがとうございます。 So, let's get right into it. では早速始めましょう。 Three months ago you announced Pax Silica, super ambitious coalition. 3ヶ月前にPax Silicaを発表されましたね。非常に野心的な連合です。 Can you explain what it is and where you are in it? それが何であるか、そして現状はどうなっているかを説明していただけますか？ Yeah, absolutely. はい、もちろんです。 So, I gave a speech at the Hudson Institute that was really meant to be our blueprint for Pax Silica. Hudson Instituteで演説を行いました。それは私たちの方針の青写真として意図されていました。 Pax Silica is an economic security coalition that now has 14 countries and the idea is really to have an ecosystems based approach to our supply chains and specifically the AI supply chain. Pax Silicaは経済安全保障連合であり、現在14カ国が参加しています。基本的な考えは、サプライチェーンに対するエコシステムベースのアプローチを持つことです。 And in my speech at Hudson I outlined our different lines of efforts including our policy road maps and our projects and about a week and a half ago we we basically did the first big, you know, what would be the tech equivalent of a product rollout where we announced a forward deployed industrial base with our oldest ally in Asia, the Philippines. Hudsonでの演説では、フィリピンとの取り組みを含むさまざまな努力の方向性を概説しました。 We made this arrangement with them where they are granting us 4,000 acres which is obviously very substantial. 彼らと取り決めを行い、マンハッタンの3分の1に相当する4,000エーカーを大規模な産業建設のために付与してもらうことになりました。 It's a third of the size of Manhattan to do a very large industrial build-out. それはマンハッタンの3分の1の大きさで、非常に大規模な産業建設のためです。 That's one-of-a-kind that that helps combine the predictability and certainty of the American common law system with the industrial comparative advantages that the Philippines offers. これは類を見ないもので、アメリカのコモンローの予測可能性と確実性を組み合わせています。 And the goal is really to secure inputs that are vital for our supply chains. そして目標は、私たちのサプライチェーンに不可欠な原材料を確保することです。 And so we're super excited to be here in San Francisco talk to builders and see ways that we can actually accelerate supply chain security for our tech companies. San Franciscoに来て、建設者たちと話し、サプライチェーン上の問題がどこにあるかを確認できることを非常に楽しみにしています。 Is this set up as a special economic zone in the Philippines or could you tell us more about the details beyond sort of the legal side that you mentioned? これはフィリピンの経済特区として設定されているのですか、それとも詳しく教えていただけますか？ Yeah, absolutely. はい、もちろんです。 So it ええと、 So right now the there are two phases to the plan. 今のところ計画には2つのフェーズがあります。 The first phase is the State Department taking into custody the the zone. 第1フェーズは国務省がゾーンを管理下に置くことです。 We we're we are referring to it as an economic security zone because it is a very unique type of of arrangement. 非常にユニークな取り決めであるため、私たちは経済安全保障ゾーンと呼んでいます。 The State Department has authorities to take in land and property into custody sort of how foreign governments gift the State Department counselors and consulates and embassies. 国務省は外交財産として土地や不動産を管理下に置く権限を持っています。 It's very unique to do a gift of 4,000 acres, but fortunately there's no statutory limits on how big or small property can be. 4,000エーカーの贈与は非常にユニークですが、幸いにも法定上の制限はありません。 And so that's phase one. それが第1フェーズです。 So right now it's actually diplomatic property that is effectively, you know, governed by the same laws as as our embassies are. 現在、それは実質的に外交財産として、いわば政府の管理下にあります。 Phase two will be the long-term development and build-out of the land. 第2フェーズは土地の長期開発と建設です。 And so we are going to spend we have two years a two-year window to negotiate the details with our Filipino counterparts on the investor protections that will apply to the land, the tax taxation regimes, and and all of the different, you know, legal safeguards that investors will be able to benefit from from for the long term. 私たちは2年間のウィンドウを持ち、その間に長期的な枠組みを交渉する予定です。 And the goal is within that two-year window to actually have a long-term framework that will be multi multiple decades. そして、その2年間のウィンドウ内に実際に長期的な枠組みを構築することが目標です。 It's it amazing innovation. これは素晴らしいイノベーションですね。 Are there specific domains that you think makes sense to invest in there from a manufacturing, mineral processing, whatever it is perspective now? AIチップのサプライチェーンの観点から、どの分野に投資することが理にかなっていると思いますか？ Yeah, so the goal is really to actually test a concept that could potentially be replicable. はい、目標は他の地域でも潜在的に複製できる概念を実際にテストすることです。 I mean, right now if you know, when we think about the AI supply chain, a lot of people just think of chips, but the reality is that the AI supply chain actually includes thousands of inputs like precision reducers and server motors and rare earth magnets and actuators and our concentration risk as a country is incredibly high for basically all of those inputs. AIのサプライチェーンを考えると、多くの人が半導体チップについて考えますが、実際にはそれよりもはるかに幅広いです。 And so, the goal is to identify key geographies that actually have industrial, you know, strengths and bring unique capabilities to the table that could actually help us move the needle meaningfully in in, you know, different segments of the supply chain. そのため、実際に産業的な深さを持ち、価値観の一致がある主要な地域を特定することが目標です。 So, the Philippines already has a native indigenous manufacturing ecosystem that's already quite deep. フィリピンにはすでに固有の現地製造エコシステムがあります。 It's It's our oldest ally in Asia. アジアにおける私たちの最も古い同盟国です。 So, we have a very deep values alignment with the Philippines and so, we think that the nexus between the values alignment combined with their industrial advantages actually makes for a very compelling value proposition for a lot of companies. フィリピンとは非常に深い価値観の一致があり、そのためここが最適だと考えています。 We're talking with a number of companies focused on the robotics supply chain. ロボティクスのサプライチェーンに注力する多くの企業と話し合っています。 As you guys know living out here and I'm sure you guys include robotics companies in your portfolio. 皆さんもここで暮らしており、ロボティクス企業への投資もされていると思います。 But the robotics supply chain robotics is an incredibly promising industry that really is poised to change a lot of things in in manufacturing as well as in people's daily lives and the supply chain is right now completely dominated by China. ロボティクスのサプライチェーンは非常に有望な産業で、多くの重要な構成部品を必要とします。 And so, that's an that's an area where that's you know, where we're particularly interested in potentially making a bet on. そのため、私たちが特に注目している分野です。 When most people hear economic security policy, one of the first things they think of is the Belt and Road Initiative. ほとんどの人が経済安全保障政策と聞くと、中国の一帯一路構想を思い浮かべます。 How would you contrast, you know, your strategy and the State Department's strategy here with that approach? あなたの戦略と国務省の戦略を一帯一路と対比させて説明していただけますか？ Yeah, so that's such a great question. はい、素晴らしい質問です。 And I think, you know, one of the one of the benefits that we've been able to um leverage uh developing the strategy today 私たちが活用できた利点の一つは、 [clears throat] [咳払い] is the ability to study 25 years of, you know, of China's Belt and Road Initiative, how they've done what they've done, you know, what's worked, what hasn't worked. 25年間にわたる中国の一帯一路構想を研究できたことです。 And そして [clears throat] [咳払い] you know, fundamentally 基本的に You want to explain what that is, too, for our audience? 私たちの視聴者向けに、それが何であるかを説明していただけますか？ Yeah, so the Belt and Road Initiative is a very, very large foreign policy project of the Chinese government that basically involved using state-owned enterprises that are essentially extensions of the government to carry out massive infrastructure projects overseas. ええ、Belt and Road Initiativeは中国政府の非常に大規模な外交政策プロジェクトで、基本的に政府の延長として機能する国有企業を活用して、海外で大規模なインフラプロジェクトを実施することを含んでいました。 And the idea is using infrastructure projects as a tool of foreign policy to achieve foreign policy outcomes. そしてその考えは、外交政策の目標を達成するための外交政策のツールとしてインフラプロジェクトを使用することでした。 was the big build-outs, for example, in Africa that 例えばアフリカでの大規模な建設が Exactly. その通りです。 did it in a variety of countries there. さまざまな国で行われました。 That's right. その通りです。 So, whether it's creating mines or, you know, processing facilities, a lot of the times it involved building out, you know, very big roads, sometimes bridges, a lot of the times it included railways. 鉱山や加工施設の建設など、その多くは海外への資本輸出でした。 Um and [clears throat] and fundamentally what it was was state-owned enterprises um building government-operated railways, government, you know, built roads and bridges. そして基本的に、それは国有企業が政府運営のインフラを建設するものでした。 And the Chinese government, by virtue of its system, really built all of this in-house. 中国政府は、そのシステムの性質上、このインフラのすべてを国有企業を通じて構築しました。 Which for us, you know, when we think about how should we we want to secure supply chains, we need to make a lot of investments, you know, that um that are, you know, touch upon these kinds of industrial capabilities, but as Americans, we're not going to do this in-house inside of the government. 私たちにとって、安全で信頼できるサプライチェーンをどう確保するかを考えるとき、それは難しい問いです。 effects of this for China was basically both building out their industrial base, but then also securing natural resources in some of these countries. これが中国にとって意味したのは、基本的に彼らの産業基盤を構築しながら、 Exactly. まさにその通りです。 they were able to build a network that ensured that their factories in China had all the inputs um in order to actually really, you know, thrive. 彼らは中国の工場に必要なものを確保するネットワークを構築することができました。 And and you know, Shenzhen today is really, you know, the world's factory floor um because they have deep relationships with suppliers and vendors, you know, on every continent, basically. そして今日の深センは、世界の工場の床であり、それには良い理由があります。 Um and the infrastructure that they leverage allows them to get access in a way that's very very competitive. 彼らが活用するインフラにより、他の方法では得られないような形でアクセスできます。 So, the question for us is, you know, how do we compete in that landscape at a time when we want to re-industrialize? では私たちにとっての問いは、この状況でどう競争するかです。 And the answer is we're not going to do government-operated supply chains because that's not how we shine as a country. そして答えは、政府運営のサプライチェーンを構築するつもりはないということです。それは私たちの強みではないからです。 And I the, you know, sort of where we've landed is our superpower is really our private sector and our companies. 私たちが行き着いた答えは、私たちの超大国は本当に私たちの民間セクターと企業にあるということです。 And it's sort of the old Steve Jobs quote that, you know, American products enchant and delight users around the world by the billions, and that's how with you know, that is really is our edge as a country. Steve Jobsの古い言葉、アメリカの製品は世界中のユーザーを魅了し喜ばせるという言葉があります。 And so, how do we, you know, adopt a product-based, a product-centric approach to, you know, our foreign policy where we can actually um use that kind of approach to to achieve foreign policy outcomes. では、サプライチェーンに対してどのように製品ベース、製品中心のアプローチを採用するのでしょうか？ And and what we've done, so that's very much sort of the lens of how we've, you know, decided to focus our economic security strategy. そして私たちがやってきたこと、それがまさに私たちがアプローチを考えてきた視点です。 Um the answer's been trying [clears throat] to work in lockstep with our private and our builders to build platforms that are commercially viable and that will can ultimately live outside of the government as a private service. 答えとして、民間企業と緊密に連携し、プラットフォームを構築しようとしてきました。 And so, the forward-deployed industrial base is meant to be a platform uh for pri- for private investment that will be viable for the long term. そして前方展開産業基地は、民間企業のためのプラットフォームとして機能することを意図しています。 It's the first of its kind. これは初めての試みです。 We're thinking about making a big play in the logistics space uh in partnership with um large, you know, corporates um and in June we're we're looking at potentially doing a broader rollout where we're going to roll out four or five different big lines of effort. パートナーシップの中で物流スペースで大きな取り組みを行うことを検討しています。 You guys are both invited to Washington for it. 皆さん両方ともワシントンに招待しています。 And and so you know, having a product based approach is very much how we're thinking about it. そして製品ベースのアプローチを持つことが、私たちの考え方の核心です。 As somebody who's done a deep study of the pros and cons of Belt and Road, there's obviously access to infrastructure and inputs as some dimension of success here. Belt and Roadの長所と短所を深く研究された方として、Belt and Roadが失敗した点はどこですか？ What's been the failure point for Belt and Road? Belt and Roadの失敗点は何でしたか？ Well, the failure point is, you know, so first of all, obviously 失敗点は、まず明らかに [clears throat] [咳払い] some of the projects, you know, have been useful for China. 一部のプロジェクトは中国にとって有用でした。 There is there's a lot of waste in the Belt and Road initiative and, you know, mainly it's because whenever you have, you know, central planning and and really government bureaucrats effectively, you know, allocating large pools of capital. Belt and Road構想には多くの無駄があり、多くの場合、これらのプロジェクトは目標を達成できませんでした。 There's a lot of waste because vendors, you know, massively overcharge things. ベンダーが大幅に過剰請求するため、多くの無駄が生じています。 There's a lot of waste because there's a lot of roads to nowhere. どこにも通じない道が多数あるため、多くの無駄が生じています。 Um そして And and what happens is, you know, China will basically deploy capital to its own companies that then, you know, basically write IOUs to the host country. 中国は基本的に自国の国有企業に資本を展開し、 And the host country realizes that you know, they they you know, they've gained a reputation for these projects have gained a reputation for being debt trap because China will say, you know, we'll build a road and, you know, as a loan except the company building the road is Chinese and so China can basically decide, you know, what the price is and as you guys know, you know, when you build a house or when you do any construction project, a lot of projects run over budget a lot and so, you know, when a host country thinks it's taking on, you know, X [clears throat] million dollars in liabilities and it actually ends up being 10 X 受け入れ国は、自分たちがインフラを手に入れたが実際の利益は少ないと気づきます。 Um that's when they kind of end up in quicksand. そこで彼らはいわば身動きが取れなくなります。 And so the Belt and Road Initiative has really garnered a reputation for um really being a tool of political leverage that um a lot of countries are still digging themselves out of. そのため、Belt and Road Initiativeは本当の意味でのパートナーシップではなく、一種の支配の評判を得ています。 And so versus one of partnership. パートナーシップとは対照的に。